Income-tax Act 2025, FEMA and Tax Dispute Guides
The Indian side of cross-border work: the Income-tax Act 2025 for non-resident payments, FEMA reporting and compounding, and handling summons and tax disputes.
From 1 April 2026 India taxes income under the Income-tax Act, 2025. The substance of the non-resident rules carried over, but almost every section and form was renumbered: section 195 is now section 393(2), section 197 is section 395, Form 15CA and 15CB are Form 145 and 146, and Form 10F is Form 41. Payments made from April 2026 need the new references, while earlier years stay under the 1961 Act.
Alongside tax sits FEMA. Every foreign investment into India and every investment out of it has reporting deadlines, and missed filings are fixed either by a late submission fee or by compounding with the Reserve Bank. And when things go wrong, a GST summons, an income-tax assessment or an appeal needs a response that is both technically right and procedurally careful.
These guides cover the new Act for cross-border payments, FEMA regularisation, the rules for responding to summons, and how to choose an adviser for a dispute.
The core guides
The 1961-to-2025 section and form map a cross-border practitioner needs: non-resident TDS, lower deduction, treaty relief, transfer pricing, reside...
Read the guide →Start hereSection 393: TDS on Payments to Non-Residents Under the Income-tax Act, 2025Section 195 is now part of the table in section 393(2). How the new structure works, what stays the same, how to work out the rate, and what to fix...
Read the guide →Everything we have published on this topic
What section 217 of the Companies Act requires of people called by the SFIO, how notes of examination are used, and how to prepare.
Read the guide →Regulatory DefenceSEBI Settlement Regulations 2026: What Changes From 7 NovemberWhat the SEBI (Settlement of Administrative and Civil Proceedings) Regulations, 2026 change: the time limits, the formula, the fast track and the o...
Read the guide →Regulatory DefenceGST Show Cause Notice in DRC-01: How to Reply in DRC-06How to read a GST show cause notice, what the DRC-06 reply should contain, your right to a hearing, and what follows the order.
Read the guide →Regulatory DefenceED Summons Under Section 50 of the PMLA: What to DoWhat a section 50 PMLA summons requires, how statements are used, the consequences of not attending, and how to prepare for the first appearance.
Read the guide →Regulatory DefenceSection 148A Notice: How to Reply Before Your Assessment Is ReopenedA section 148A notice is the show cause stage before reassessment. What to check, how to reply, and how the time limits work.
Read the guide →FEMAAPR for Your Dubai Company or US LLC: RBI’s 2026 Rule on Who Must Audit the AccountsWho must file an Annual Performance Report, when it needs audited accounts, and what the RBI's July 2026 clarification on host-country auditors mea...
Read the guide →Income-tax Act 2025Form 10F Is Now Form 41: How Non-Residents Claim Tax Treaty Benefits in IndiaThe documents that decide whether a treaty rate applies to a payment from India: the TRC, Form 41 (formerly Form 10F), PAN and the beneficial owner...
Read the guide →Income-tax Act 2025Lower Deduction Certificate for Non-Residents: Form 128 Under Section 395How non-residents, including NRIs selling property, get a nil or lower TDS certificate under section 395 using Form 128, which replaced Form 13 fro...
Read the guide →Choosing an AdviserTax Litigators in India: CA, Advocate or Both? Forums, Deadlines and How to ChooseWho can represent you at each stage of an income-tax or GST dispute, the deadlines and pre-deposits at every forum, and eight checks for choosing t...
Read the guide →Choosing an AdviserBest Tax Consultants in India? How to Choose the Right Firm for Your ProblemThe types of tax firm in India, what each is good at, how fees work, ten questions to ask, and an honest account of which problems suit a Big Four...
Read the guide →Regulatory DefenceDGGI Summons Under Section 70: What to Do, What to Say and What to SignA practical guide to responding to a GST intelligence summons: the safeguards officers must follow, how to handle the statement, when arrest is a r...
Read the guide →FEMAFEMA Compounding and Late Submission Fee: Fixing FDI and ODI Reporting DefaultsWhen a missed FC-GPR, FC-TRS, Form FC or Annual Performance Report can be settled with a Late Submission Fee, when it needs compounding by the RBI,...
Read the guide →Income-tax Act 2025Form 145 and Form 146: The New Form 15CA and 15CB for Foreign RemittancesFrom 1 April 2026 the foreign remittance forms have new numbers under the Income-tax Act, 2025. What changed, which part applies, and the errors th...
Read the guide →India TaxIndia Corporate Tax Rates for Tax Year 2026-27: 22%, 25%, 30% and the Closed 15% RegimeThe corporate tax rates that apply under the Income-tax Act, 2025, the new section numbers, why new manufacturers can no longer get 15%, and what c...
Read the guide →Related services
Estimate the fee for a delayed FC-GPR, FC-TRS, Form FC or APR.
Open the tool →ServiceInternational TaxationNon-resident TDS, treaty relief and remittance certificates.
See the service →ServiceFEMA & RBIODI and FDI reporting, late submission fees and compounding.
See the service →ServiceTax LitigationAssessments, appeals, ITAT and the GST Appellate Tribunal.
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